Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences is an English language, peer-reviewed scholarly publication in the area of biological sciences. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences publishes original papers, reviews and short communications on, but not limited to: • Biology, Ecology and Ecosystems, Environmental and Biodiversity • Conservation • Microbiology • Physiology • Genetics and Epidemiology Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences is the official publication of the Saudi Society for Biological Sciences and is published by King Saud University in collaboration with Elsevier and is edited by an international group of eminent researchers.